sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if silica-cemented; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale) if silica-cemented
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if silica-cemented; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains, typically in ancient riverbeds, beaches, or desert environments. Often originates from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building material, road base, and as decorative gravel. Higher purity varieties are used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It is extremely common in sedimentary basins worldwide. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding or ripple marks.
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