mineral

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Colorless to white. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale
Color: Colorless to white
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Colorless to white. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the crystallization of silica-rich hydrothermal solutions or magma. It is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments worldwide, appearing in veins and geodes. It can be found in geological formations ranging from billions of years old to relatively recent deposits.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in electronics for its piezoelectric properties (clocks, radios), in glassmaking, as an abrasive, and in jewelry and decorative carvings. It is a staple for mineral collectors and metaphysical practitioners.

Geological facts

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust. Internal fractures often create 'rainbow iris' effects due to light diffraction, as seen in the provided image. It was historically believed by some ancient cultures to be permanently frozen ice.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and hexagonal crystal shapes. Commonly found in mountainous regions or as tumbled pebbles in riverbeds. Collectors look for clarity and well-terminated crystal points.