Golden Quartz (Citrine or Iron-stained Quartz)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-orange to gold; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & Geological History

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. The golden color is often caused by micro-inclusions of iron hydroxides or iron oxides within the quartz lattice.

Uses & Applications

Used in the gemstone and jewelry industry as Citrine, for metaphysical crystal collecting, and in decorative carving. Industrial quartz is used in electronics and glass manufacturing.

Geological Facts

Naturally occurring golden citrine is rare; many specimens on the market are actually heat-treated amethyst. When natural, the color is often distributed more evenly than the 'burnt' orange of treated stones.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass but not vice versa), its lack of cleavage, and its characteristic greasy-to-glassy luster. Found globally, especially in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.

Identified on: 5/5/2026

Mode: Standard