mineral

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities), SiO2

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple to violet due to irradiation of iron impurities; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Purple to violet due to irradiation of iron impurities
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or hollow cavities (geodes) within igneous rocks. The purple color occurs when manganese or iron impurities are present in quartz and subjected to natural radiation over millions of years, commonly found in basaltic lava flows.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (facets, beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and decorative home decor.

Geological facts

Amethyst was considered one of the 'Cardinal gems' until the 18th century when large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its purple hue and lack of cleavage (it breaks like glass). Highly common in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for deep 'Siberian' purple saturation and high clarity without visible inclusions.

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