mineral

Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with a shimmering metallic glitter (specular); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (uneven fracture); Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3.

Hardness: 5
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in high-temperature hydrothermal veins, metamorphic rocks (especially schist), and iron-forming sedimentary sequences. It is often found in banded iron formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years (Precambrian era).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production. In its specular form, it is used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (often called 'Black Diamond'), and as a collector's mineral specimen.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Latin 'speculum,' meaning mirror, because its flat, micaceous crystals are highly reflective. Despite its silver-black appearance, if you rub it against a streak plate, it will leave a characteristic blood-red powder streak.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'glittery' or micaceous appearance and high density (it feels heavy for its size). Look for the cherry-red streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in Michigan (USA), Brazil, and Magnet Cove, Arkansas.