mineral

Garnet

Almandine-Pyrope group, X3Y2(SiO4)3

Hardness: 6.5-7.5. Color: Deep red to reddish-purple. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 3.5-4.3.

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep red to reddish-purple
Luster: Vitreous to resinous

Identified June 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.5. Color: Deep red to reddish-purple. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 3.5-4.3.

Formation & geological history

Formed under high pressure and temperature in metamorphic rocks like schist or gneiss, or as accessory minerals in igneous rocks. Often found in regional metamorphic environments.

Uses & applications

Widely used as an abrasive in sandblasting and waterjet cutting, as a gemstone in jewelry, and as a biological filter medium.

Geological facts

Garnet is the January birthstone. While known for red, it occurs in almost every color. It has been used as a gemstone since the Bronze Age.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its deep red color and high hardness (scratches glass). Commonly found in river beds as eroded grains or as crystals embedded in metamorphic matrix. Look for 12-sided crystal habits.