mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5–8.0 Mohs; Color: Distinct vivid green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67–2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Distinct vivid green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5–8.0 Mohs; Color: Distinct vivid green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67–2.78.

Formation & geological history

Usually formed in hydrothermal veins or at the contact zone of granitic pegmatites with schists. Natural emeralds range from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of years old depending on the deposit location (e.g., Colombian deposits are often Cretaceous).

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). Because of its many natural inclusions, it is often cut into a 'cabochon' shape (like the one shown) or the rectangular 'emerald cut'.

Geological facts

Emerald is the birthstone for May. Unlike most gemstones, inclusions in emeralds are often referred to as a 'jardin' (French for garden) and can actually verify the stone's natural origin.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hexagonal crystal habit and intense green color that does not change under a Chelsea filter. Commonly found in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors look for clarity and 'oil' content.

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