metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon C)
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black to dark grey
- Luster
- Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the high-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal over millions of years, typically in fold mountain belts.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a high-grade fuel for domestic heating and industrial power; also used in water filtration systems and as a pigment.
Geological facts
Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86%-97%) of all coal types and burns with the least smoke and flame. It is often referred to as 'hard coal'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its deep black color, lack of soot when handled compared to other coals, and its distinctive shiny, glass-like fracture surfaces. Common in Pennsylvania, USA and South Wales, UK.
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