sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-based); Color: tan, yellow, brown, or red; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-based)
Color: tan, yellow, brown, or red
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified April 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-based); Color: tan, yellow, brown, or red; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. These deposits typically occur in river beds, beaches, or deserts over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for paving, walling, and decorative veneers. It is also a critical reservoir rock for groundwater, petroleum, and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park are composed largely of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and coastal regions. It often shows layering or cross-bedding features.