Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (individual quartz grains); Color: tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Matte/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of rounded grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Produced by the weathering of pre-existing rocks and subsequent transport and deposition by water or wind. Significant deposits date from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras.

Uses & Applications

Major construction material, road base, architectural stone for facades, and in the glass manufacturing industry if high in silica content.

Geological Facts

Sandstone acts as a primary reservoir for underground water (aquifers) and fossil fuels due to its high porosity and permeability. Famous examples include the formations in the Grand Canyon and Antelope Canyon.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding planes). Often found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas. Commonly used by amateur collectors for practicing rock tumbling.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

Mode: Standard