Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep azure blue with golden pyrite spots and white calcite streaks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Aggregate/Massive, Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. Major deposits are found in Afghanistan, dating back over 6,000 years, often occurring in high-pressure subterranean environments.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily for jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a pigment (ultramarine). It is highly valued as a semi-precious collector stone.

Geological Facts

The tomb of King Tutankhamun contained numerous lapis lazuli artifacts. It was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment during the Renaissance, used by painters like Michelangelo and Vermeer.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its distinctive deep blue color often accompanied by metallic yellow pyrite flecks. High-quality specimens have minimal white calcite. Most commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.

Identified on: 5/2/2026

Mode: Standard