Mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to silver, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to silver, sometimes reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to silver, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed through the precipitation of iron-rich minerals from water or through the oxidation of iron-rich rocks. It is found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous environments, often in banded iron formations dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in pigment manufacturing (red ochre), jewelry (beads and intaglios), radiation shielding, and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Hematite is often called the 'Bloodstone' (not to be confused with the chalcedony variety) because it produces a bright red powder when ground or scratched. It has been found in abundance on Mars, specifically by the Opportunity rover, suggesting liquid water once existed there.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct metallic sheen and its 'streak test': regardless of specimen color, it will leave a reddish-brown streak on unglazed porcelain. Commonly located in places like Michigan (USA), Brazil, Australia, and China.