sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Oxide (Limonite/Hematite)
Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with FeO(OH)·nH2O)
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content); Color: Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content)
- Color
- Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate due to quartz content); Color: Rusty brown, reddish-orange, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, minerals are cemented together by silica or iron oxides during lithification. The iron staining occurs through oxidation in terrestrial environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as building stone, pavers, and decorative landscaping. In some regions, highly ferruginous versions have historically been used as a low-grade iron ore.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks. The red and orange hues are often called 'desert varnish' when found in arid environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. It is commonly found in river beds, deserts, and coastal areas.
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