metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically medium to dark green, often mottled; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure); Cleavage: Prismatic (rarely visible in massive form); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Typically medium to dark green, often mottled
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically medium to dark green, often mottled; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure); Cleavage: Prismatic (rarely visible in massive form); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or siliceous dolomites. The interlocking fibrous structure makes it exceptionally tough. Found in metamorphic belts worldwide.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (pendant, beads), ornamental carvings, and decorative sculpture. Historically used for tool-making and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is significantly tougher than steel. In ancient China, it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' and symbolized virtue and eternity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'waxy' or 'greasy' luster when polished, its high toughness (resistance to fracturing), and its cool touch. Common source locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Siberia, and Wyoming.
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