mineral

Citrine Geode Fragment

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide with Iron Impurities), SiO2

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when silica-rich fluids cool in rock cavities (geodes). Natural citrine is rare, but most commercial specimens like this are formed by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz to alter the iron oxidation state.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, as decorative display pieces for collectors, and in metaphysical practices (the 'Merchant's Stone').

Geological facts

Natural citrine is very rare; the vast majority of 'citrine' crystals on the market are actually heat-treated amethyst from Brazil or Uruguay, which can be distinguished by their opaque white base and concentrated orange tips.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by looking for six-sided prismatic crystals with no cleavage and a glassy luster. These are commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors should look for depth of color and crystal clarity.

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