Rock Identifier
Turquoise in Matrix (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)) — mineral
mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to green with brown/black host rock; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Hardness
5-6 (Mohs)
Color
Sky blue to green with brown/black host rock
Luster
Waxy to subvitreous
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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Sky blue to green with brown/black host rock; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It is a secondary mineral typically found in arid regions within volcanic or sedimentary rocks rich in alumina and phosphorus.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, inlay work, and decorative carvings; also highly valued by mineral collectors for natural matrix patterns.

Geological facts

Turquoise was one of the first gemstones to be mined, dating back to 6000 BC in Ancient Egypt. The brown webbing in this specimen is called 'matrix' and consists of the host rock, often limonite or sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its blue-to-green hue and characteristic host rock matrix. It is commonly found in the Southwest USA (Arizona, Nevada), Iran, and China. Collectors should look for stability and color naturalness.

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