mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified April 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments as a precipitate from water, in hydrothermal veins, and as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks. Often found in banded iron formations dating back billions of years.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and as a popular gemstone for jewelry and carvings.

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for blood 'haima' because it leaves a red streak when scratched. It is the mineral responsible for the reddish color of the Martian surface.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak, even in metallic specimens. Commonly found in large deposits in the Great Lakes region of North America and Western Australia.