mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with trace amounts of Chromium and/or Vanadium

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on the Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on the Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium-bearing host rocks. Geologically, they occur in various ages, with Colombian deposits typically being younger (Cretaceous) compared to older Precambrian deposits in Africa and Brazil.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in high-end jewelry. Transparent, high-carat stones are among the most valuable gems for collectors and investors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are known for their 'jardin' (French for garden), which refers to the unique mossy internal inclusions that often prove the stone's natural origin. They have been mined since ancient Egypt (Cleopatra's mines) and are the birthstone for May.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by their hexagonal prismatic crystal habit and distinct green hue. Often found in association with mica schists or quartz. Look for the 'emerald green' color that does not change under different lighting. Common locations include Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Ethiopia.

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