mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright green to dark green with distinctive banding, Luster: Vitreous to silky/dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3

Identified June 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zone of copper deposits as a secondary mineral resulting from the weathering of primary copper ores. It often forms through chemical precipitation in carbonated waters.

Uses & applications

Widely used for ornamental objects, jewelry, and decorative inlay work; historically used as a mineral pigment in green paint and as a minor ore of copper.

Geological facts

In ancient Egypt, malachite was used as a cosmetic and eyeshadow. It is frequently found associated with the blue mineral Azurite. Large deposits were famously mined in the Ural Mountains of Russia to decorate Tsarist palaces.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vivid green color and botryoidal (grape-like) or banded growth patterns. Usually found in copper mining districts. Collectors should avoid cleaning with acids as it dissolves easily.