Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with sparkling metallic flakes; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a secondary mineral through precipitation from hydrothermal fluids or in sedimentary environments such as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). Often found in metamorphic rocks and as a sublimation product in volcanic areas.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy media separation, pigments, jewelry (as beads or cabochons), and as a popular collector's specimen due to its brilliance.

Geological Facts

The name comes from the Latin 'speculum' meaning mirror, because it was historically used as a mirror due to its reflective surface. Despite its silvery appearance, its streak is always deep cherry-red.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its intense sparkling metallic luster and by performing a streak test on unglazed porcelain which should produce a reddish-brown color. Common locations include Brazil, South Africa, and the Lake Superior region in the USA.

Identified on: 4/30/2026

Mode: Standard