mineral

Hematite (Iron Ore)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black when fresh, reddish-brown when weathered; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Red/Reddish-brown; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black when fresh, reddish-brown when weathered
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified April 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black when fresh, reddish-brown when weathered; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Red/Reddish-brown; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments as precipitates from mineral-rich waters (Banded Iron Formations), or as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks through hydrothermal processes. Many large deposits are over 2 billion years old (Precambrian).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Used as a pigment (ochre), in heavy media separation, as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), and in lapidary work for jewelry and carvings.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to its red streak. While it looks like steel, it is brittle and is the reason for the reddish color of much of Mars' surface.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (heavy for its size) and by performing a streak test on unglazed porcelain; it will leave a distinct reddish-brown mark even if the exterior is black.