mineral

Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden honey; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale yellow to golden honey
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden honey; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous environments like pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine occurs when smoky quartz or amethyst is heated within the earth over millions of years. Much commercial citrine is lab-heated amethyst.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (faceting and cabochons) and as a popular metaphysical or collector's specimen. In industry, quartz is used for its piezoelectric properties and in glass making.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' available today is actually heat-treated amethyst, often identifiable by its reddish-orange hue and opaque white bases. Natural citrine is usually a pale, uniform lemony yellow.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and conical fractures. Often found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors value natural, unheated specimens with high clarity.