Travertine

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3-4 (Mohs); Color: Beige, tan, cream, white; Luster: Dull to pearly; Structure: Microcrystalline with characteristic pits and voids (vugs); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.4 - 2.7.

Formation & Geological History

Formed by the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of hot springs or in limestone caves. It is a terrestrial sedimentary rock, usually of Quaternary age, though older deposits exist.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in construction for flooring, wall cladding, backsplashes, and paving. Historically used for monumental architecture (e.g., the Roman Colosseum).

Geological Facts

The largest building in the world constructed mostly of travertine is the Colosseum in Rome. The distinct holes in travertine are caused by escaping carbon dioxide bubbles during formation.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its banded, fibrous appearance and unique porous texture. Common locations include Italy (Tivoli), Turkey, and Yellowstone National Park (Mammoth Hot Springs).

Identified on: 4/20/2026

Mode: Standard