mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.27–4.37.

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by tectonic activity or volcanic eruptions. It is one of the first minerals to crystallize from magma. Found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks.

Uses & applications

High-quality transparent specimens (Peridot) are used as gemstones in jewelry. Industrial uses include refractory sand for casting and as a flux in steel making. Also used as a geological indicator for mantle conditions.

Geological facts

Olivine is the primary component of Earth's upper mantle. It has also been discovered in meteorites (Pallasites) and on the Moon and Mars, making it an extra-terrestrial mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct olive-green color and 'sugary' granular appearance in basaltic rocks. Commonly found in volcanic areas such as Hawaii, Arizona, or Norway. Collectors look for clarity and deep green saturation.

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