mineral

Dioptase

Dioptase (CuSiO3 · H2O)

Hardness: 5 on Mohs scale; Color: Emerald green to deep bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (rhombohedral); Cleavage: Perfect in three directions; Specific Gravity: 3.28–3.35.

Hardness: 5 on Mohs scale
Color: Emerald green to deep bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper-rich sulfide deposits. It results from the weathering of copper ores in arid environments. Most notable specimens come from the Neoproterozoic era formations.

Uses & applications

Primarily valued by mineral collectors for its intense color and crystal habit. Occasionally used in jewelry, though its softness and perfect cleavage make it fragile. It was historically used as a pigment.

Geological facts

Dioptase was first identified in the late 18th century and was initially mistaken for emerald due to its vivid green color. It is often referred to as 'Copper Emerald.' Famous localities include Tsumeb in Namibia and Altyn-Tyube in Kazakhstan.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique 'electric' green-blue color and rhombohedral crystal form. It is often found associated with other copper minerals like Malachite or Chrysocolla. Found in dry, desert climates with high copper concentrations.