Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/brown/yellow, Luster: dull/earthy, Structure: clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or oceans over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and for grindstones or decorative garden elements.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is a primary reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum due to its high porosity.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Found worldwide in sedimentary basins; common in the American Southwest and various UK coastal regions.

Identified on: 5/9/2026

Mode: Standard