sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Goethite/Limonite cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Yellow, tan, orange-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Yellow, tan, orange-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Yellow, tan, orange-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains (mostly quartz) in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. The yellow-orange color indicates the presence of iron oxide minerals that act as a cementing agent between the grains.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in glass manufacturing (if high purity quartz), and as an abrasive. For collectors, it serves as a common specimen for studying sedimentary layers.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' formation in Arizona is a classic example of cross-bedded sandstone that shows ancient wind patterns.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layers (bedding). It can be found globally in outcrop formations and riverbeds. Collectors should look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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