mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray, black, to reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Streak: Characteristic blood-red streak; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray, black, to reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified June 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral and an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Significant deposits are found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back 2.4 billion years, formed by the oxidation of iron in the oceans.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in pigment production (red ochre), polishing compounds (jeweller's rouge), radiation shielding, and as a semi-precious stone in jewelry.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. It is also found in large quantities on Mars, giving the Red Planet its distinctive color. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood, due to its red streak.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density and distinctive red streak when rubbed against a porcelain tile. Often found in weathered outcrops or as heavy pebbles in stream beds. Common in Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, and Australia.