mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this image), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this image), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme heat and pressure at depths of 140-190 km in the Earth's mantle over billions of years; brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.

Uses & applications

Used in jewelry (engagement rings), industrial cutting and grinding tools, heat sinks in electronics, and scientific research.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous specimens. They can be over 3 billion years old.

Field identification & locations

Identified by high refractive index, extreme hardness, and lack of reactivity to chemicals; commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in Africa, Russia, and Canada.