metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism or metasomatism of magnesium-rich rocks such as serpentinite or dolomitic limestone. This process creates densely interlocking fibrous crystals.
Uses & applications
Mainly used for jewelry (beads, bangles, pendants), ornamental carvings, and traditional sculpture. Historically used for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than diamond due to its interwoven fibrous structure. It has been used for over 5000 years in Chinese culture as 'the Stone of Heaven.'
Field identification & locations
Identified by its greasy feel and high toughness. In the field, look for smooth, water-worn boulders in riverbeds in areas like British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming. Unlike many green stones, it won't scratch easily with a knife but cannot scratch glass.
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