mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic), reddish-brown (earthy); Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic), reddish-brown (earthy)
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified February 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily through the precipitation of iron-rich solutions in sedimentary environments (Banded Iron Formations), hydrothermal veins, or as an oxidation product of other iron minerals. Most large deposits are over 2 billion years old.

Uses & applications

The world's most important ore of iron for steel production. Used as a pigment (ochre), polishing rouge, and in jewelry/beads when tumbled.

Geological facts

Hematite is the source of the red color on Mars. Even when the mineral appears black and metallic, it leaves a distinct cherry-red streak when rubbed against a ceramic plate.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and its characteristic red streak. Commonly found in the Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, Australia, and China.