Diamond (or Diamond Simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Physical Properties

If Diamond: Hardness 10 (Mohs), colorless to various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage in 4 directions. If Cubic Zirconia: Hardness 8-8.5, typically colorless, vitreous to sub-adamantine luster.

Formation & Geological History

Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, typically 1 to 3 billion years ago. They are brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions. Cubic Zirconia is typically lab-created.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in jewelry due to its brilliance and durability. Industrial applications include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools.

Geological Facts

Diamond is the hardest known natural material. Only a diamond can scratch another diamond.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify natural diamond by thermal conductivity, high refractive index, and specific gravity. Differentiating from simulants often requires gemological instruments.

Identified on: 4/27/2026

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