mineral

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - if Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - if Cubic Zirconia

If Diamond: Hardness 10 (Mohs), colorless to various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage in 4 directions. If Cubic Zirconia: Hardness 8-8.5, typically colorless, vitreous to sub-adamantine luster.

Identified April 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, typically 1 to 3 billion years ago. They are brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions. Cubic Zirconia is typically lab-created.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry due to its brilliance and durability. Industrial applications include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest known natural material. Only a diamond can scratch another diamond.

Field identification & locations

Identify natural diamond by thermal conductivity, high refractive index, and specific gravity. Differentiating from simulants often requires gemological instruments.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral