mineral

Citrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: transparent yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: transparent yellow to brownish-orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments, primarily in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. While natural citrine is rare, most commercial citrine is created by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces) and for metaphysical/collecting purposes due to its durability and color.

Geological facts

Known as the 'Merchant's Stone' or 'Success Stone,' it was historically believed to bring prosperity. It is the birthstone for November and the 13th wedding anniversary stone.

Field identification & locations

Field identification is difficult as it can be confused with yellow topaz or golden beryl; look for a lack of cleavage and hexagonal crystal habits. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, Spain, and Russia. Authentic natural citrine often has a pale yellow uniform color, whereas heat-treated specimens have a redder or opaque white base.

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sedimentary

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Mineral/Rock

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Metamorphic Rock

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