mineral
Quartz (Granular)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless to white/gray; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (hexagonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Colorless to white/gray
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless to white/gray; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (hexagonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Commonly forms in all types of geological environments (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) through hydrothermal processes or magma cooling/recrystallization.
Uses & applications
Used in glass manufacturing, electronics (due to piezoelectric properties), construction as an abrasive, and widely collected as mineral specimens.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to both chemical and physical weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and crystal habit. Found globally, especially in mountain ranges and river sediments.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)
Metamorphic Rock
![Biotite Schist (Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]) — metamorphic](https://media.rock.id/9ca564b5-bc87-402b-965a-69b21f9aa6bf-thumbnail.jpg)
Biotite Schist
Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]
metamorphic