sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish (indicates iron content); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish (indicates iron content)
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish (indicates iron content); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. These grains are typically quartz or feldspar. The brown/orange tint suggests it formed in an environment with high oxygen and iron-rich minerals (limonite/hematite staining).
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass. In landscaping, it is used for decorative stones and retaining walls.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic 'Red Rocks' in the American Southwest and the ancient city of Petra are both famous examples of sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It is commonly found in river beds, deserts, and coastal areas. For collectors, look for unique shapes or interesting banding (Liesegang rings).
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