Mineral

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Fe2+ trace elements)

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.74.

Hardness: 7
Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.74.

Formation & geological history

Formed in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks through hydrothermal processes where beryllium-rich fluids crystallize. Common in geological formations with tectonic activity.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in fine jewelry as a gemstone (faceted or cabochon). Industrially, beryl is a source of beryllium, used in aerospace and electronics, though aquamarine is rarely used for this due to its gem value.

Geological facts

Aquamarine is the birthstone for March. Its name is derived from the Latin 'aqua marina', meaning 'water of the sea'. The largest gem-quality aquamarine ever found was the Dom Pedro, weighing over 10,000 carats after cutting.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hexagonal crystal habit in the field, its distinct pale blue-green color, and high hardness. Commonly found in Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Madagascar. Collectors look for clarity and 'Santa Maria' deep blue saturation.

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