Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, steel gray, to black; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often found in banded iron formations (BIFs) and through precipitation from hydrothermal fluids.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), and in gemstone jewelry.

Geological Facts

The name hematite is derived from the Greek word for blood, due to the red color of its powdered form. It is the most important ore for the global iron industry.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic rust-red streak when rubbed against a porcelain tile (even on metallic specimens). Found worldwide in locations like Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region.

Identified on: 4/27/2026

Mode: Standard