mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to dull

Identified February 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Metallic gray to earthy reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Formed through hydrothermal processes, sublimation from volcanic gases, or sedimentary precipitation in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). Most major deposits date back to the Proterozoic Eon (approx. 2.4 to 1.8 billion years ago).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in pigment production, heavy media separation, radiation shielding, and as a popular gemstone for jewelry and carvings.

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for 'blood', haima, because it turns bright red when ground into a powder. It is also the mineral responsible for the reddish color of the surface of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic 'cherry red' streak when scratched against unglazed porcelain. Commonly found in sedimentary basins and metamorphic rocks in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of North America.