mineral
Rough Diamond
Diamond (pure carbon, C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow, Luster: Adamantine to greasy (unpolished), Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow, Luster: Adamantine to greasy (unpolished), Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the earth's mantle (100+ miles deep) 1 to 3 billion years ago; brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.
Uses & applications
Primary use in jewelry after cutting; industrial uses include cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness; high-end electronics.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The most famous rough diamond is the Cullinan, which weighed 3,106 carats before being cut.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster in rough form and ability to scratch any other material. Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits (river beds). Look for 'Trigon' patterns on surface faces.
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