mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper silicate - Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5–3.5 (often harder if mixed with quartz); Color: Cyan, turquoise, or deep blue-green; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (usually amorphous/massive); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.0–2.4

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, turquoise, or deep blue-green
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified March 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies as a secondary mineral. It precipitates from silica-rich groundwater reacting with copper minerals like malachite or azurite. It is found in arid regions and can be of any geological age where copper mineralization is present.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, a gemstone in jewelry (cabochons and beads), and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors due to its vibrant color.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla's name comes from the Greek 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referencing its use as a soldering flux in ancient times. It often occurs intergrown with other minerals like malachite, turquoise, or quartz (known as 'Stellarite' or 'Chrysocolla-Quartz').

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive vivid blue-green color and its tendency to 'stick' to the tongue due to its porous nature. It is commonly found in copper mining districts such as Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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