mineral

Banded Carnelian Agate

Var. of Chalcedony (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown with white bands, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6

Identified May 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in cavities of igneous rocks such as basalt or volcanic ash through the deposition of silica from groundwater. The alternating bands result from rhythmic precipitation of silica containing iron oxide impurities over thousands of years. Often found in Cenozoic era deposits.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry making (beads, cabochons), carvings, and ornamental lapidary work. It is a popular collector stone and is often used in metaphysical practices.

Geological facts

Carnelian was historically used by ancient Egyptians for amulets and in Roman times to make seal rings for wax impressions because hot wax does not stick to it. The color comes from iron oxide (hematite) impurities within the quartz structure.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent waxy appearance and distinct parallel banding. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Look for it in riverbeds or volcanic regions; its hardness means it remains intact while softer surrounding rocks weather away.