metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-actinolite series (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs; Color: Sage green, spinach green, or creamy white; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibers (felted texture); Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture-resistant); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Sage green, spinach green, or creamy white
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs; Color: Sage green, spinach green, or creamy white; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibers (felted texture); Cleavage: None (highly tough/fracture-resistant); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Found in metamorphic terranes worldwide.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), and historically for toolmaking (axe heads) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel. It was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in ancient China and has been used for over 5,000 years. It is one of two distinct minerals commonly called Jade (the other being Jadeite).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucency when backlit (as seen in the image), its smooth waxy feel, and its high density. It cannot be easily scratched by a steel knife. Common locations include British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, and Wyoming (USA).
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