mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to black or silver-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to black or silver-gray
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified May 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to black or silver-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic environments. Most commonly found in banded iron formations (BIFs) created as oxygen-rich environments allowed iron to precipitate in ancient oceans billions of years ago.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in heavy media separation, and widely as a polished gemstone or grounding stone in jewelry.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood, because it leaves a characteristic blood-red streak when scratched on a streak plate. It is also found in large quantities on Mars, giving the planet its red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and distinct reddish-brown streak. Common locations include the Lake Superior district of North America, Brazil, Australia, and China.