metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon-based sedimentary-metamorphic rock)
Hardness: 2.5–3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black to steel-grey
- Luster
- Sub-metallic to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5–3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the intense metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal under high pressure and temperature over millions of years (often Carboniferous period). It is the highest grade of coal.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a high-grade fuel for domestic and industrial heating, filtration media for water purification, and in the production of steel (coke substitute).
Geological facts
Anthracite contains the highest percentage of fixed carbon (86% to 97%) and the fewest impurities of all coal types. It burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'shiny' or glass-like metallic luster compared to the dull look of bituminous coal. It does not soil fingers when handled. Commonly found in Pennsylvania, USA, and parts of the UK and China.
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