Anthracite Coal

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5–3.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the intense metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal under high pressure and temperature over millions of years (often Carboniferous period). It is the highest grade of coal.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a high-grade fuel for domestic and industrial heating, filtration media for water purification, and in the production of steel (coke substitute).

Geological Facts

Anthracite contains the highest percentage of fixed carbon (86% to 97%) and the fewest impurities of all coal types. It burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its 'shiny' or glass-like metallic luster compared to the dull look of bituminous coal. It does not soil fingers when handled. Commonly found in Pennsylvania, USA, and parts of the UK and China.

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard