mineral

Fluorite, Turquoise, and Calcite set

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminum (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fluorite (far left/center-right): Hardness 4, vitreous luster, cubic system, often purple/teal. Turquoise (center-left): Hardness 5-6, waxy luster, triclinic, opaque blue-green. Calcite (far right): Hardness 3, vitreous luster, rhombohedral cleavage, color white.

Identified March 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Fluorite: Hydrothermal veins. Turquoise: Secondary mineral in volcanic/sedimentary rocks through groundwater percolation. Calcite: Sedimentary precipitation or metamorphic marble formation. Various ages (Precambrian to Cenozoic).

Uses & applications

Fluorite: Metallurgy flux and optics. Turquoise: Semiprecious gemstone jewelry. Calcite: Construction (cement) and chemical neutralization.

Geological facts

Fluorite is the origin of the term 'fluorescence.' Turquoise has been mined since at least 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt. Calcite is the primary component of limestone and sea shells.

Field identification & locations

Identify Fluorite by its 4-way cleavage; Turquoise by its unique color and matrix; Calcite by a positive acid test (bubbles with vinegar) and its rhombohedral shape. Common in US Southwest, Mexico, and China.

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