mineral

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Mohs); Color: Sky-blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.9

Hardness: 5
Color: Sky-blue to greenish-blue
Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous

Identified April 18, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Mohs); Color: Sky-blue to greenish-blue; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed through the infiltration of meteoric acidic solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It is a secondary mineral usually found in volcanic rocks or arid environments.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (cabochons, beads, and inlay) and for ornamental decorative objects. Highly valued in traditional Southwestern and Middle Eastern artistry.

Geological facts

Persians called it 'píruzeh' (victory) and the name Turquoise comes from the French 'turquois' (Turkish), as it was originally brought to Europe from Iranian mines through Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster, sky-blue 'Robin's Egg' color, and lack of transparency. Common locations include Iran, Arizona (USA), Nevada (USA), and China.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral