mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black, often with a reddish-brown streak; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black, often with a reddish-brown streak
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified June 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black, often with a reddish-brown streak; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary environments as an oxidation product of other iron-bearing minerals; common in Precambrian banded iron formations.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), and for healing crystals and jewelry.

Geological facts

Its name is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', because of the reddish-brown streak it leaves. It is also found in high concentrations on Mars, giving the planet its red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density/weight for its size and its distinctive rust-red streak when rubbed against a streak plate (unpainted porcelain). Found worldwide, with major deposits in China, Brazil, Australia, and Lake Superior (USA).