mineral

Bismuth

Native Bismuth (Bi)

Hardness: 2-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Iridescent (artificial oxide coating) or silver-white; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (often lab-grown into hopper crystals); Specific Gravity: 9.7-9.8.

Hardness: 2-2
Color: Iridescent (artificial oxide coating) or silver-white
Luster: Metallic

Identified May 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins associated with cobalt, nickel, and silver ores. Native bismuth is rare; most iridescent hopper crystals like the one pictured are lab-grown through cooling molten metal.

Uses & applications

Used in pharmaceuticals (Pepto-Bismol), low-melting point alloys, lead-free solders, cosmetics, and as a decorative specimen for jewelry.

Geological facts

Bismuth is more naturally diamagnetic than any other metal. While the iridescent colors are caused by a thin layer of oxidation, the metal itself is silver-white. It was often confused with tin and lead in early history.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its heavy weight (high density), metallic luster, and stepped 'hopper' crystal growth. Rarely found in nature in this specific crystal form; look for it in specialty mineral shops.