mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs); Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown
Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy

Identified June 19, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs); Color: Metallic gray to reddish brown; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as an alteration product of other iron-rich minerals, or via sedimentary precipitation in marine environments (Banded Iron Formations). Frequently found in Precambrian aged deposits.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, as polishing powder (jeweler's rouge), and in gemstone/jewelry making.

Geological facts

Hematite gets its name from the Greek word 'haima' (blood) because it exhibits a blood-red streak when ground into powder. It was even discovered on Mars by the Opportunity rover.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate and its high density (feels heavy for its size). Found globally, with massive deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region.