metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Pale green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Pale green to olive green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Pale green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones or dolomites, or from the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks. It is most often found in association with serpentinite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, tools, and as a durable gemstone for sculptures. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for its extreme toughness—resistance to breaking—which is due to its interlocking fibrous structure, making it tougher than steel by some measures.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy appearance, extreme toughness, and cool-to-the-touch feel. Commonly found in riverbeds or coastal deposits in regions like British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming. Unlike quartz, it cannot easily be scratched by a steel knife.
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